diff --git a/bake/bake.go b/bake/bake.go
index a226773d..b3427c07 100644
--- a/bake/bake.go
+++ b/bake/bake.go
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ var _ hclparser.WithEvalContexts = &Group{}
 var _ hclparser.WithGetName = &Group{}
 
 func (t *Target) normalize() {
-	t.Attest = removeDupes(t.Attest)
+	t.Attest = removeAttestDupes(t.Attest)
 	t.Tags = removeDupes(t.Tags)
 	t.Secrets = removeDupes(t.Secrets)
 	t.SSH = removeDupes(t.SSH)
@@ -682,6 +682,7 @@ func (t *Target) Merge(t2 *Target) {
 	}
 	if t2.Attest != nil { // merge
 		t.Attest = append(t.Attest, t2.Attest...)
+		t.Attest = removeAttestDupes(t.Attest)
 	}
 	if t2.Secrets != nil { // merge
 		t.Secrets = append(t.Secrets, t2.Secrets...)
@@ -1193,6 +1194,26 @@ func removeDupes(s []string) []string {
 	return s[:i]
 }
 
+func removeAttestDupes(s []string) []string {
+	res := []string{}
+	m := map[string]int{}
+	for _, v := range s {
+		att, err := buildflags.ParseAttest(v)
+		if err != nil {
+			res = append(res, v)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if i, ok := m[att.Type]; ok {
+			res[i] = v
+		} else {
+			m[att.Type] = len(res)
+			res = append(res, v)
+		}
+	}
+	return res
+}
+
 func parseOutputType(str string) string {
 	csvReader := csv.NewReader(strings.NewReader(str))
 	fields, err := csvReader.Read()
diff --git a/bake/bake_test.go b/bake/bake_test.go
index cd543ff3..f3341c06 100644
--- a/bake/bake_test.go
+++ b/bake/bake_test.go
@@ -1417,3 +1417,36 @@ func TestReadLocalFilesDefault(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestAttestDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
+	fp := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(
+			`target "default" {
+                attest = ["type=sbom", "type=sbom,generator=custom", "type=sbom,foo=bar", "type=provenance,mode=max"]
+            }`),
+	}
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	m, _, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"default"}, nil, nil)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=sbom,foo=bar", "type=provenance,mode=max"}, m["default"].Attest)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	opts, err := TargetsToBuildOpt(m, &Input{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, map[string]*string{
+		"sbom":       ptrstr("type=sbom,foo=bar"),
+		"provenance": ptrstr("type=provenance,mode=max"),
+	}, opts["default"].Attests)
+
+	m, _, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"default"}, []string{"*.attest=type=sbom,disabled=true"}, nil)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=sbom,disabled=true", "type=provenance,mode=max"}, m["default"].Attest)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	opts, err = TargetsToBuildOpt(m, &Input{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, map[string]*string{
+		"sbom":       nil,
+		"provenance": ptrstr("type=provenance,mode=max"),
+	}, opts["default"].Attests)
+}
diff --git a/util/buildflags/attests.go b/util/buildflags/attests.go
index c14c9f4e..71150d27 100644
--- a/util/buildflags/attests.go
+++ b/util/buildflags/attests.go
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func ParseAttests(in []string) ([]*controllerapi.Attest, error) {
 	found := map[string]struct{}{}
 	for _, in := range in {
 		in := in
-		attest, err := parseAttest(in)
+		attest, err := ParseAttest(in)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func ParseAttests(in []string) ([]*controllerapi.Attest, error) {
 	return out, nil
 }
 
-func parseAttest(in string) (*controllerapi.Attest, error) {
+func ParseAttest(in string) (*controllerapi.Attest, error) {
 	if in == "" {
 		return nil, nil
 	}