You cannot select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
370 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
370 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
|
|
Unicode versions of the X11 "misc-fixed-*" fonts
|
|
------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Markus Kuhn <http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/> -- 2008-04-21
|
|
|
|
|
|
This package contains the X Window System bitmap fonts
|
|
|
|
-Misc-Fixed-*-*-*--*-*-*-*-C-*-ISO10646-1
|
|
|
|
These are Unicode (ISO 10646-1) extensions of the classic ISO 8859-1
|
|
X11 terminal fonts that are widely used with many X11 applications
|
|
such as xterm, emacs, etc.
|
|
|
|
COVERAGE
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
None of these fonts covers Unicode completely. Complete coverage
|
|
simply would not make much sense here. Unicode 5.1 contains over
|
|
100000 characters, and the large majority of them are
|
|
Chinese/Japanese/Korean Han ideographs (~70000) and Korean Hangul
|
|
Syllables (~11000) that cannot adequately be displayed in the small
|
|
pixel sizes of the fixed fonts. Similarly, Arabic characters are
|
|
difficult to fit nicely together with European characters into the
|
|
fixed character cells and X11 lacks the ligature substitution
|
|
mechanisms required for using Indic scripts.
|
|
|
|
Therefore these fonts primarily attempt to cover Unicode subsets that
|
|
fit together with European scripts. This includes the Latin, Greek,
|
|
Cyrillic, Armenian, Georgian, and Hebrew scripts, plus a lot of
|
|
linguistic, technical and mathematical symbols. Some of the fixed
|
|
fonts now also cover Arabic, Thai, Ethiopian, halfwidth Katakana, and
|
|
some other non-European scripts.
|
|
|
|
We have defined 3 different target character repertoires (ISO 10646-1
|
|
subsets) that the various fonts were checked against for minimal
|
|
guaranteed coverage:
|
|
|
|
TARGET1 617 characters
|
|
Covers all characters of ISO 8859 part 1-5,7-10,13-16,
|
|
CEN MES-1, ISO 6937, Microsoft CP1251/CP1252, DEC VT100
|
|
graphics symbols, and the replacement and default
|
|
character. It is intended for small bold, italic, and
|
|
proportional fonts, for which adding block graphics
|
|
characters would make little sense. This repertoire
|
|
covers the following ISO 10646-1:2000 collections
|
|
completely: 1-3, 8, 12.
|
|
|
|
TARGET2 886 characters
|
|
Adds to TARGET1 the characters of the Adobe/Microsoft
|
|
Windows Glyph List 4 (WGL4), plus a selected set of
|
|
mathematical characters (covering most of ISO 31-11
|
|
high-school level math symbols) and some combining
|
|
characters. It is intended to be covered by all normal
|
|
"fixed" fonts and covers all European IBM, Microsoft, and
|
|
Macintosh character sets. This repertoire covers the
|
|
following ISO 10646-1:2000 (including Amd 1:2002)
|
|
collections completely: 1-3, 8, 12, 33, 45.
|
|
|
|
TARGET3 3282 characters
|
|
|
|
Adds to TARGET2 all characters of all European scripts
|
|
(Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian, Georgian), all
|
|
phonetic alphabet symbols, many mathematical symbols
|
|
(including all those available in LaTeX), all typographic
|
|
punctuation, all box-drawing characters, control code
|
|
pictures, graphical shapes and some more that you would
|
|
expect in a very comprehensive Unicode 4.0 font for
|
|
European users. It is intended for some of the more
|
|
useful and more widely used normal "fixed" fonts. This
|
|
repertoire is, with two exceptions, a superset of all
|
|
graphical characters in CEN MES-3A and covers the
|
|
following ISO 10646-1:2000 (including Amd 1:2002)
|
|
collections completely: 1-12, 27, 30-31, 32 (only
|
|
graphical characters), 33-42, 44-47, 63, 65, 70 (only
|
|
graphical characters).
|
|
|
|
[The two MES-3A characters deliberately omitted are the
|
|
angle bracket characters U+2329 and U+232A. ISO and CEN
|
|
appears to have included these into collection 40 and
|
|
MES-3A by accident, because there they are the only
|
|
characters in the Unicode EastAsianWidth "wide" class.]
|
|
|
|
CURRENT STATUS:
|
|
|
|
6x13.bdf 8x13.bdf 9x15.bdf 9x18.bdf 10x20.bdf:
|
|
|
|
Complete (TARGET3 reached and checked)
|
|
|
|
5x7.bdf 5x8.bdf 6x9.bdf 6x10.bdf 6x12.bdf 7x13.bdf 7x14.bdf clR6x12.bdf:
|
|
|
|
Complete (TARGET2 reached and checked)
|
|
|
|
6x13B.bdf 7x13B.bdf 7x14B.bdf 8x13B.bdf 9x15B.bdf 9x18B.bdf:
|
|
|
|
Complete (TARGET1 reached and checked)
|
|
|
|
6x13O.bdf 7x13O.bdf 8x13O.bdf
|
|
|
|
Complete (TARGET1 minus Hebrew and block graphics)
|
|
|
|
[None of the above fonts contains any character that has in Unicode
|
|
the East Asian Width Property "W" or "F" assigned. This way, the
|
|
desired combination of "half-width" and "full-width" glyphs can be
|
|
achieved easily. Most font mechanisms display a character that is not
|
|
covered in a font by using a glyph from another font that appears
|
|
later in a priority list, which can be arranged to be a "full-width"
|
|
font.]
|
|
|
|
The supplement package
|
|
|
|
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/download/ucs-fonts-asian.tar.gz
|
|
|
|
contains the following additional square fonts with Han characters for
|
|
East Asian users:
|
|
|
|
12x13ja.bdf:
|
|
|
|
Covers TARGET2, JIS X 0208, Hangul, and a few more. This font is
|
|
primarily intended to provide Japanese full-width Hiragana,
|
|
Katakana, and Kanji for applications that take the remaining
|
|
("halfwidth") characters from 6x13.bdf. The Greek lowercase
|
|
characters in it are still a bit ugly and will need some work.
|
|
|
|
18x18ja.bdf:
|
|
|
|
Covers all JIS X 0208, JIS X 0212, GB 2312-80, KS X 1001:1992,
|
|
ISO 8859-1,2,3,4,5,7,9,10,15, CP437, CP850 and CP1252 characters,
|
|
plus a few more, where priority was given to Japanese han style
|
|
variants. This font should have everything needed to cover the
|
|
full ISO-2022-JP-2 (RFC 1554) repertoire. This font is primarily
|
|
intended to provide Japanese full-width Hiragana, Katakana, and
|
|
Kanji for applications that take the remaining ("halfwidth")
|
|
characters from 9x18.bdf.
|
|
|
|
18x18ko.bdf:
|
|
|
|
Covers the same repertoire as 18x18ja plus full coverage of all
|
|
Hangul syllables and priority was given to Hanja glyphs in the
|
|
unified CJK area as they are used for writing Korean.
|
|
|
|
The 9x18 and 6x12 fonts are recommended for use with overstriking
|
|
combining characters.
|
|
|
|
Bug reports, suggestions for improvement, and especially contributed
|
|
extensions are very welcome!
|
|
|
|
INSTALLATION
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
You install the fonts under Unix roughly like this (details depending
|
|
on your system of course):
|
|
|
|
System-wide installation (root access required):
|
|
|
|
cd submission/
|
|
make
|
|
su
|
|
mv -b *.pcf.gz /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/
|
|
cd /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/
|
|
mkfontdir
|
|
xset fp rehash
|
|
|
|
Alternative: Installation in your private user directory:
|
|
|
|
cd submission/
|
|
make
|
|
mkdir -p ~/local/lib/X11/fonts/
|
|
mv *.pcf.gz ~/local/lib/X11/fonts/
|
|
cd ~/local/lib/X11/fonts/
|
|
mkfontdir
|
|
xset +fp ~/local/lib/X11/fonts (put this last line also in ~/.xinitrc)
|
|
|
|
Now you can have a look at say the 6x13 font with the command
|
|
|
|
xfd -fn '-misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso10646-1'
|
|
|
|
If you want to have short names for the Unicode fonts, you can also
|
|
append the fonts.alias file to that in the directory where you install
|
|
the fonts, call "mkfontdir" and "xset fp rehash" again, and then you
|
|
can also write
|
|
|
|
xfd -fn 6x13U
|
|
|
|
Note: If you use an old version of xfontsel, you might notice that it
|
|
treats every font that contains characters >0x00ff as a Japanese JIS
|
|
font and therefore selects inappropriate sample characters for display
|
|
of ISO 10646-1 fonts. An updated xfontsel version with this bug fixed
|
|
comes with XFree86 4.0 / X11R6.8 or newer.
|
|
|
|
If you use the Exceed X server on Microsoft Windows, then you will
|
|
have to convert the BDF files into Microsoft FON files using the
|
|
"Compile Fonts" function of Exceed xconfig. See the file exceed.txt
|
|
for more information.
|
|
|
|
There is one significant efficiency problem that X11R6 has with the
|
|
sparsely populated ISO10646-1 fonts. X11 transmits and allocates 12
|
|
bytes with the XFontStruct data structure for the difference between
|
|
the lowest and the highest code value found in a font, no matter
|
|
whether the code positions in between are used for characters or not.
|
|
Even a tiny font that contains only two glyphs at positions 0x0000 and
|
|
0xfffd causes 12 bytes * 65534 codes = 786 kbytes to be requested and
|
|
stored by the client. Since all the ISO10646-1 BDF files provided in
|
|
this package contain characters in the U+00xx (ASCII) and U+ffxx
|
|
(ligatures, etc.) range, all of them would result in 786 kbyte large
|
|
XCharStruct arrays in the per_char array of the corresponding
|
|
XFontStruct (even for CharCell fonts!) when loaded by an X client.
|
|
Until this problem is fixed by extending the X11 font protocol and
|
|
implementation, non-CJK ISO10646-1 fonts that lack the (anyway not
|
|
very interesting) characters above U+31FF seem to be the best
|
|
compromise. The bdftruncate.pl program in this package can be used to
|
|
deactivate any glyphs above a threshold code value in BDF files. This
|
|
way, we get relatively memory-economic ISO10646-1 fonts that cause
|
|
"only" 150 kbyte large XCharStruct arrays to be allocated. The
|
|
deactivated glyphs are still present in the BDF files, but with an
|
|
encoding value of -1 that causes them to be ignored.
|
|
|
|
The ISO10646-1 fonts can not only be used directly by Unicode aware
|
|
software, they can also be used to create any 8-bit font. The
|
|
ucs2any.pl Perl script converts a ISO10646-1 BDF font into a BDF font
|
|
file with some different encoding. For instance the command
|
|
|
|
perl ucs2any.pl 6x13.bdf MAPPINGS/8859-7.TXT ISO8859-7
|
|
|
|
will generate the file 6x13-ISO8859-7.bdf according to the 8859-7.TXT
|
|
Latin/Greek mapping table, which available from
|
|
<ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/>. [The shell script
|
|
./map_fonts automatically generates a subdirectory derived-fonts/ with
|
|
many *.bdf and *.pcf.gz 8-bit versions of all the
|
|
-misc-fixed-*-iso10646-1 fonts.]
|
|
|
|
When you do a "make" in the submission/ subdirectory as suggested in
|
|
the installation instructions above, this will generate exactly the
|
|
set of fonts that have been submitted to the XFree86 project for
|
|
inclusion into XFree86 4.0. These consists of all the ISO10646-1 fonts
|
|
processed with "bdftruncate.pl U+3200" plus a selected set of derived
|
|
8-bit fonts generated with ucs2any.pl.
|
|
|
|
Every font comes with a *.repertoire-utf8 file that lists all the
|
|
characters in this font.
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONTRIBUTING
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
If you want to help me in extending or improving the fonts, or if you
|
|
want to start your own ISO 10646-1 font project, you will have to edit
|
|
BDF font files. This is most comfortably done with the gbdfed font
|
|
editor (version 1.3 or higher), which is available from
|
|
|
|
http://crl.nmsu.edu/~mleisher/gbdfed.html
|
|
|
|
Once you are familiar with gbdfed, you will notice that it is no
|
|
problem to design up to 100 nice characters per hour (even more if
|
|
only placing accents is involved).
|
|
|
|
Information about other X11 font tools and Unicode fonts for X11 in
|
|
general can be found on
|
|
|
|
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs-fonts.html
|
|
|
|
The latest version of this package is available from
|
|
|
|
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/download/ucs-fonts.tar.gz
|
|
|
|
If you want to contribute, then get the very latest version of this
|
|
package, check which glyphs are still missing or inappropriate for
|
|
your needs, and send me whatever you had the time to add and fix. Just
|
|
email me the extended BDF-files back, or even better, send me a patch
|
|
file of what you changed. The best way of preparing a patch file is
|
|
|
|
./touch_id newfile.bdf
|
|
diff -d -u -F STARTCHAR oldfile.bdf newfile.bdf >file.diff
|
|
|
|
which ensures that the patch file preserves information about which
|
|
exact version you worked on and what character each "hunk" changes.
|
|
|
|
I will try to update this packet on a daily basis. By sending me
|
|
extensions to these fonts, you agree that the resulting improved font
|
|
files will remain in the public domain for everyone's free use. Always
|
|
make sure to load the very latest version of the package immediately
|
|
before your start, and send me your results as soon as you are done,
|
|
in order to avoid revision overlaps with other contributors.
|
|
|
|
Please try to be careful with the glyphs you generate:
|
|
|
|
- Always look first at existing similar characters in order to
|
|
preserve a consistent look and feel for the entire font and
|
|
within the font family. For block graphics characters and geometric
|
|
symbols, take care of correct alignment.
|
|
|
|
- Read issues.txt, which contains some design hints for certain
|
|
characters.
|
|
|
|
- All characters of CharCell (C) fonts must strictly fit into
|
|
the pixel matrix and absolutely no out-of-box ink is allowed.
|
|
|
|
- The character cells will be displayed directly next to each other,
|
|
without any additional pixels in between. Therefore, always make
|
|
sure that at least the rightmost pixel column remains white, as
|
|
otherwise letters will stick together, except of course for
|
|
characters -- like Arabic or block graphics -- that are supposed to
|
|
stick together.
|
|
|
|
- Place accents as low as possible on the Latin characters.
|
|
|
|
- Try to keep the shape of accents consistent among each other and
|
|
with the combining characters in the U+03xx range.
|
|
|
|
- Use gbdfed only to edit the BDF file directly and do not import
|
|
the font that you want to edit from the X server. Use gbdfed 1.3
|
|
or higher.
|
|
|
|
- The glyph names should be the Adobe names for Unicode characters
|
|
defined at
|
|
|
|
http://www.adobe.com/devnet/opentype/archives/glyph.html
|
|
|
|
which gbdfed can set automatically. To make the Edit/Rename Glyphs/
|
|
Adobe Names function work, you have to download the file
|
|
|
|
http://www.adobe.com/devnet/opentype/archives/glyphlist.txt
|
|
|
|
and configure its location either in Edit/Preferences/Editing Options/
|
|
Adobe Glyph List, or as "adobe_name_file" in "~/.gbdfed".
|
|
|
|
- Be careful to not change the FONTBOUNDINGBOX box accidentally in
|
|
a patch.
|
|
|
|
You should have a copy of the ISO 10646 standard
|
|
|
|
ISO/IEC 10646:2003, Information technology -- Universal
|
|
Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS),
|
|
International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 2003.
|
|
http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/
|
|
|
|
and/or the Unicode 5.0 book:
|
|
|
|
The Unicode Consortium: The Unicode Standard, Version 5.0,
|
|
Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, 2006,
|
|
ISBN 9780321480910.
|
|
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0321480910/mgk25
|
|
|
|
All these fonts are from time to time resubmitted to the X.Org
|
|
project, XFree86 (they have been in there since XFree86 4.0), and to
|
|
other X server developers for inclusion into their normal X11
|
|
distributions.
|
|
|
|
Starting with XFree86 4.0, xterm has included UTF-8 support. This
|
|
version is also available from
|
|
|
|
http://dickey.his.com/xterm/xterm.html
|
|
|
|
Please make the developer of your favourite software aware of the
|
|
UTF-8 definition in RFC 2279 and of the existence of this font
|
|
collection. For more information on how to use UTF-8, please check out
|
|
|
|
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html
|
|
ftp://ftp.ilog.fr/pub/Users/haible/utf8/Unicode-HOWTO.html
|
|
|
|
where you will also find information on joining the
|
|
linux-utf8@nl.linux.org mailing list.
|
|
|
|
A number of UTF-8 example text files can be found in the examples/
|
|
subdirectory or on
|
|
|
|
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/examples/
|
|
|