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Bake file definition

buildx bake supports HCL, JSON and Compose file format for defining build groups, targets as well as variables and functions. It looks for build definition files in the current directory in the following order:

docker-compose.yml
docker-compose.yaml
docker-bake.json
docker-bake.override.json
docker-bake.hcl
docker-bake.override.hcl

Specification

Inside a bake file you can declare group, target and variable blocks to define project specific reusable build flows.

Target

A target reflects a single docker build invocation with the same options that you would specify for docker build:

# docker-bake.hcl
target "webapp-dev" {
  dockerfile = "Dockerfile.webapp"
  tags = ["docker.io/username/webapp:latest"]
}

$ docker buildx bake webapp-dev

Note

In the case of compose files, each service corresponds to a target. If compose service name contains a dot it will be replaced with an underscore.

Complete list of valid target fields available for HCL and JSON definitions:

Name	Type	Description
`inherits`	List	Inherit build options from other targets
`args`	Map	Set build-time variables (same as `--build-arg` flag)
`cache-from`	List	External cache sources (same as `--cache-from` flag)
`cache-to`	List	Cache export destinations (same as `--cache-to` flag)
`context`	String	Set of files located in the specified path or URL
`contexts`	Map	Additional build contexts (same as `--build-context` flag)
`dockerfile`	String	Name of the Dockerfile (same as `--file` flag)
`dockerfile-inline`	String	Inline Dockerfile content
`labels`	Map	Set metadata for an image (same as `--label` flag)
`no-cache`	Bool	Do not use cache when building the image (same as `--no-cache` flag)
`no-cache-filter`	List	Do not cache specified stages (same as `--no-cache-filter` flag)
`output`	List	Output destination (same as `--output` flag)
`platforms`	List	Set target platforms for build (same as `--platform` flag)
`pull`	Bool	Always attempt to pull all referenced images (same as `--pull` flag)
`secret`	List	Secret to expose to the build (same as `--secret` flag)
`ssh`	List	SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build (same as `--ssh` flag)
`tags`	List	Name and optionally a tag in the format `name:tag` (same as `--tag` flag)
`target`	String	Set the target build stage to build (same as `--target` flag)

Group

A group is a grouping of targets:

# docker-bake.hcl
group "build" {
  targets = ["db", "webapp-dev"]
}

target "webapp-dev" {
  dockerfile = "Dockerfile.webapp"
  tags = ["docker.io/username/webapp:latest"]
}

target "db" {
  dockerfile = "Dockerfile.db"
  tags = ["docker.io/username/db"]
}

$ docker buildx bake build

Variable

Similar to how Terraform provides a way to define variables, the HCL file format also supports variable block definitions. These can be used to define variables with values provided by the current environment, or a default value when unset:

# docker-bake.hcl
variable "TAG" {
  default = "latest"
}

target "webapp-dev" {
  dockerfile = "Dockerfile.webapp"
  tags = ["docker.io/username/webapp:${TAG}"]
}

$ docker buildx bake webapp-dev          # will use the default value "latest"
$ TAG=dev docker buildx bake webapp-dev  # will use the TAG environment variable value

Tip

See also the Configuring builds page for advanced usage.

Functions

A set of generally useful functions provided by go-cty are available for use in HCL files:

# docker-bake.hcl
target "webapp-dev" {
  dockerfile = "Dockerfile.webapp"
  tags = ["docker.io/username/webapp:latest"]
  args = {
    buildno = "${add(123, 1)}"
  }
}

In addition, user defined functions are also supported:

# docker-bake.hcl
function "increment" {
  params = [number]
  result = number + 1
}

target "webapp-dev" {
  dockerfile = "Dockerfile.webapp"
  tags = ["docker.io/username/webapp:latest"]
  args = {
    buildno = "${increment(123)}"
  }
}

Note

See User defined HCL functions page for more details.

Built-in variables

BAKE_CMD_CONTEXT can be used to access the main context for bake command from a bake file that has been imported remotely.
BAKE_LOCAL_PLATFORM returns the current platform's default platform specification (e.g. linux/amd64).

Merging and inheritance

Multiple files can include the same target and final build options will be determined by merging them together:

# docker-bake.hcl
target "webapp-dev" {
  dockerfile = "Dockerfile.webapp"
  tags = ["docker.io/username/webapp:latest"]
}

# docker-bake2.hcl
target "webapp-dev" {
  tags = ["docker.io/username/webapp:dev"]
}

$ docker buildx bake -f docker-bake.hcl -f docker-bake2.hcl webapp-dev

A group can specify its list of targets with the targets option. A target can inherit build options by setting the inherits option to the list of targets or groups to inherit from:

# docker-bake.hcl
target "webapp-dev" {
  dockerfile = "Dockerfile.webapp"
  tags = ["docker.io/username/webapp:${TAG}"]
}

target "webapp-release" {
  inherits = ["webapp-dev"]
  platforms = ["linux/amd64", "linux/arm64"]
}

`default` target/group

When you invoke bake you specify what targets/groups you want to build. If no arguments is specified, the group/target named default will be built:

# docker-bake.hcl
target "default" {
  dockerfile = "Dockerfile.webapp"
  tags = ["docker.io/username/webapp:latest"]
}

$ docker buildx bake

Definitions

HCL definition

HCL definition file is recommended as its experience is more aligned with buildx UX and also allows better code reuse, different target groups and extended features.

# docker-bake.hcl
variable "TAG" {
  default = "latest"
}

group "default" {
  targets = ["db", "webapp-dev"]
}

target "webapp-dev" {
  dockerfile = "Dockerfile.webapp"
  tags = ["docker.io/username/webapp:${TAG}"]
}

target "webapp-release" {
  inherits = ["webapp-dev"]
  platforms = ["linux/amd64", "linux/arm64"]
}

target "db" {
  dockerfile = "Dockerfile.db"
  tags = ["docker.io/username/db"]
}

JSON definition

{
  "variable": {
    "TAG": {
      "default": "latest"
    }
  },
  "group": {
    "default": {
      "targets": [
        "db",
        "webapp-dev"
      ]
    }
  },
  "target": {
    "webapp-dev": {
      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile.webapp",
      "tags": [
        "docker.io/username/webapp:${TAG}"
      ]
    },
    "webapp-release": {
      "inherits": [
        "webapp-dev"
      ],
      "platforms": [
        "linux/amd64",
        "linux/arm64"
      ]
    },
    "db": {
      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile.db",
      "tags": [
        "docker.io/username/db"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Compose file

# docker-compose.yml
services:
  webapp:
    image: docker.io/username/webapp:latest
    build:
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.webapp

  db:
    image: docker.io/username/db
    build:
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.db

Note

See Building from Compose file page for more details.

Remote definition

You can also build bake files directly from a remote Git repository or HTTPS URL:

$ docker buildx bake "https://github.com/docker/cli.git#v20.10.11" --print
#1 [internal] load git source https://github.com/docker/cli.git#v20.10.11
#1 0.745 e8f1871b077b64bcb4a13334b7146492773769f7       refs/tags/v20.10.11
#1 2.022 From https://github.com/docker/cli
#1 2.022  * [new tag]         v20.10.11  -> v20.10.11
#1 DONE 2.9s

{
  "group": {
    "default": {
      "targets": [
        "binary"
      ]
    }
  },
  "target": {
    "binary": {
      "context": "https://github.com/docker/cli.git#v20.10.11",
      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
      "args": {
        "BASE_VARIANT": "alpine",
        "GO_STRIP": "",
        "VERSION": ""
      },
      "target": "binary",
      "platforms": [
        "local"
      ],
      "output": [
        "build"
      ]
    }
  }
}

As you can see the context is fixed to https://github.com/docker/cli.git even if no context is actually defined in the definition.

If you want to access the main context for bake command from a bake file that has been imported remotely, you can use the BAKE_CMD_CONTEXT built-in var.

$ cat https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tonistiigi/buildx/remote-test/docker-bake.hcl

target "default" {
  context = BAKE_CMD_CONTEXT
  dockerfile-inline = <<EOT
FROM alpine
WORKDIR /src
COPY . .
RUN ls -l && stop
EOT
}

$ docker buildx bake "https://github.com/tonistiigi/buildx.git#remote-test" --print

{
  "target": {
    "default": {
      "context": ".",
      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
      "dockerfile-inline": "FROM alpine\nWORKDIR /src\nCOPY . .\nRUN ls -l \u0026\u0026 stop\n"
    }
  }
}

$ touch foo bar
$ docker buildx bake "https://github.com/tonistiigi/buildx.git#remote-test"

...
 > [4/4] RUN ls -l && stop:
#8 0.101 total 0
#8 0.102 -rw-r--r--    1 root     root             0 Jul 27 18:47 bar
#8 0.102 -rw-r--r--    1 root     root             0 Jul 27 18:47 foo
#8 0.102 /bin/sh: stop: not found

$ docker buildx bake "https://github.com/tonistiigi/buildx.git#remote-test" "https://github.com/docker/cli.git#v20.10.11" --print
#1 [internal] load git source https://github.com/tonistiigi/buildx.git#remote-test
#1 0.429 577303add004dd7efeb13434d69ea030d35f7888       refs/heads/remote-test
#1 CACHED

{
  "target": {
    "default": {
      "context": "https://github.com/docker/cli.git#v20.10.11",
      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
      "dockerfile-inline": "FROM alpine\nWORKDIR /src\nCOPY . .\nRUN ls -l \u0026\u0026 stop\n"
    }
  }
}

$ docker buildx bake "https://github.com/tonistiigi/buildx.git#remote-test" "https://github.com/docker/cli.git#v20.10.11"

...
 > [4/4] RUN ls -l && stop:
#8 0.136 drwxrwxrwx    5 root     root          4096 Jul 27 18:31 kubernetes
#8 0.136 drwxrwxrwx    3 root     root          4096 Jul 27 18:31 man
#8 0.136 drwxrwxrwx    2 root     root          4096 Jul 27 18:31 opts
#8 0.136 -rw-rw-rw-    1 root     root          1893 Jul 27 18:31 poule.yml
#8 0.136 drwxrwxrwx    7 root     root          4096 Jul 27 18:31 scripts
#8 0.136 drwxrwxrwx    3 root     root          4096 Jul 27 18:31 service
#8 0.136 drwxrwxrwx    2 root     root          4096 Jul 27 18:31 templates
#8 0.136 drwxrwxrwx   10 root     root          4096 Jul 27 18:31 vendor
#8 0.136 -rwxrwxrwx    1 root     root          9620 Jul 27 18:31 vendor.conf
#8 0.136 /bin/sh: stop: not found

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